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Common Name
Chlorothalonil
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中文通用名
百菌清
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IUPAC
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile
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CAS
2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile
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CAS No.
1897-45-6
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Molecular Formula
C8Cl4N2
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Molecular Structure
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Category
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Activity
Fungicide
Chlorothalonil is a broad-spectrum organochlorine pesticide (fungicide) used to control fungi that threaten vegetables, trees, small fruits, turf, ornamentals, and other agricultural crops. It also controls fruit rots in cranberry bogs, and is used in paints.
Chlorothalonil reduces fungal intracellular glutathione molecules to alternate forms which cannot participate in essential enzymatic reactions, ultimately leading to cell death, similar to the mechanism of trichloromethyl sulfenyl.
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CropUse
rice, wheat, vegetables, fruit trees, peanuts, tea leaves, rubber trees, forests and golf course grasses.
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Pest Spectrum
mold, mildew, bacteria, algae ect.
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Formulation
WG = Water dispersible granules
WP = Wettable powder
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Premix
zoxamide+chlorothalonil
Triticonazole+chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil+zineb
Chlorothalonil+vinclozolin
Chlorothalonil+thiram+ziram
Chlorothalonil+thiram
Chlorothalonil+thiophanate-methyl
Chlorothalonil+thiabendazole
Chlorothalonil+tetraconazole
Chlorothalonil+tebuconazole
Chlorothalonil+sulfur
Chlorothalonil+pyrimethanil
Chlorothalonil+propiconazole
Chlorothalonil+propamocarb hydrochloride
Chlorothalonil+procymidone
Chlorothalonil+prochloraz+triadimefon
Chlorothalonil+oxine-copper
Chlorothalonil+metalaxyl-M
Chlorothalonil+metalaxyl
Chlorothalonil+mandipropamid
Chlorothalonil+mancozeb
Chlorothalonil+iprodione
Chlorothalonil+hexaconazole
Chlorothalonil+fosetyl-aluminium
Chlorothalonil+fluoxastrobin
Chlorothalonil+fludioxonil+propiconazole
Chlorothalonil+diniconazole
Chlorothalonil+dimethomorph
Chlorothalonil+dimetachlone
Chlorothalonil+difenoconazole
Chlorothalonil+diethofencarb
Chlorothalonil+cyproconazole+propiconazole
Chlorothalonil+cyproconazole
Chlorothalonil+cymoxanil
Chlorothalonil+copper oxychloride
Chlorothalonil+carbendazim+thiram
Chlorothalonil+carbendazim
Chlorothalonil+azoxystrobin
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Physical Properties
Molecular weight:265.9; Physical form:Colourless, odourless crystals; (tech. has a slightly pungent odour). Density:2.0 (20 °C); Composition:Tech. is c. 97%. Melting point:252.1 °C; Vapour pressure:0.076 mPa (25 °C); Henry constant:2.50×10-2 Pa m3 mol-1 (25 °C); Partition coefficient(n-octanol and water):logP = 2.92 (25 °C); Solubility:In water 0.81 mg/l (25 °C). In xylene 80, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide 30, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide 20, kerosene <10 (all in g/kg, 25 °C).; Stability:Thermally stable at ambient temperatures. Stable to u.v. light in aqueous media and in crystalline state. Stable in acidic and moderately alkaline aqueous solutions; slow hydrolysis at pH >9. Thermally stable under normal storage conditions. Stable to ultraviolet radiation. Stable in neutral or acidic aqueous media. Half- life of 38.1 days in aqueous media at pH 9. Non-corrosive. Nonvolatile under normal field conditions. Slightly soluble in xylene, acetone.
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Toxicology
Oral:Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg. Percutaneous:Acute percutaneous LD50 for albino rabbits >10 000 mg/kg. Severe eye irritant; mild skin irritant (rabbits). Evidence in humans of contact dermatitis. Inhalation:LC50 (1 h) for rats >4.7 mg/l air; (4 h) for rats (nominal concentration) 0.62 mg/l air; (4 h) for rats (actual) 0.10 mg/l air. Phytotoxicity:Russetting is possible with flowering ornamentals, apples, and grapes. Some varieties of flowering
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Environmental Profile
Ecotoxicology: Algae:For Selenastrum capricornutum, EC50 (120 h) 0.21 mg/l, NOEC (120 h) 0.1 mg/l.Bees:No more than slightly toxic.Birds:Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks >4640 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >10 000 mg/kg diet.Daphnia:LC50 (48 h) 70 μg/l.Fish:LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 47 μg/l, bluegill sunfish 60 μg/l, channel catfish 43 μg/l.Worms: LC50 (14 d) >1000 mg/ kg.Other aquatic spp.:LC50 (96 h) for pink shrimp 165 μg/l. Environmental fate: Animals:Chlorothalonil is not well absorbed following oral dosing. It reacts with glutathione in the gut lumen, or immediately on absorption into the body, to give mono-, di- or tri- glutathione conjugates. These may be excreted through urine or faeces, or subjecSoil:Koc 1600 (sand) to 14 000 (silt), indicating low mobility to immobile. In aerobic and anaerobic soil studies, DT50 is 5-36 d. Degradation is faster in biotic aquatic systems, typical DT50. Plant:In plants, the majority of the residue remains as parent compound. The most abundant metabolite, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, is generally <10% of applied parent.
WATER SOLUBILITY: Insoluble, 0.6-1.2 ppm.
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Transport Information
Signal Word:DANGER; Hazard Class:Ib (Highly hazardous)