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Chemical Identification
Common Name
Difenzoquat metilsulfate
中文通用名
野燕枯
IUPAC
1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazolium methyl sulfate
CAS
1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium methyl sulfate
CAS No.
43222-48-6
Molecular Formula
C18H20N2O4S
Molecular Structure
Category
Activity
Herbicide, fungicide
CropUse

Post-emergence control of wild oats in barley, wheat, rye, maize, ryegrass, and flax; applied at 750-1100 g/ ha when used alone. Also used as a fungicide to control powdery mildew in cereals.

Physical Properties
Molecular weight:360.4. Physical form:Colourless, hygroscopic crystals. Density:0.8 (25 °C). Composition:Tech. grade is 96% pure. Melting point:150-160 °C ( tech.); Flash point:>82 °C (Tag open cup); Vapour pressure:<1×10-2 mPa; Partition coefficient(n-octanol and water):logP = 0.648 ( pH 5), -0.62 ( pH 7), -0.32 ( pH 9); pKa:c. 7; Solubility:In water 765 g/l (25 °C). In dichloromethane 360, chloroform 500, methanol 588, 1,2-dichloroethane 71, isopropanol 23, acetone 9.8, xylene, heptane <0.01 (all in g/l, 25 °C). Slightly soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, and dioxane. Stability:Stable to light in aqueous media. Thermally stable. Stable in weakly acidic media, but decomposed by strong acids and oxidants.
Toxicology

Oral:Acute oral LD50 for male rats 617, female rats 373, male mice 31, female mice 44 mg/kg. Percutaneous:Acute percutaneous LD50 for male rabbits 3540 mg/kg. Moderate skin and severe eye irritant (rabbits). Inhalation: LC50 (4 h) 0.50 mg/l. ADI:0.01 mg/kg b.w.

Environmental Profile
Ecotoxicology: 
Bees:Contact LD50 36 µg/bee.Birds:Dietary LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail >4640, mallard ducks >10.388 mg/kg diet.Daphnia: LC50 (48 h) 2.63 mg/l.Fish: LD50 (96 h) for bluegill sunfish 696, rainbow trout 694 mg/l. 
Environmental fate: 
Animals:In rats, following oral administration, difenzoquat metilsulfate is excreted unchanged in the urine and faeces.Soil:Strongly adsorbed by soil; Kd c. 400, Koc c. 30 000. No significant microbial degradation occurs. Half-life in soil is c. 3 months.Plant:No significant metabolism of difenzoquat metilsulfate occurs in plants, removal being by photolytic demethylation to the monomethyl pyrazole.
Transport Information
Hazard Class:II (Moderately hazardous).

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