Sugar cane |
75 g ai/ha (dry season), 112.5 g ai/ha (wet season) |
Maize |
60-130 g ai/ha |
Suspension concentrate (SC) ;Water-dispersible granule (WG)
Premix Parters: copper oxychloride; phthalide;
Ecotoxicology:
Algae: EC50 for Selenastrum capricornutum 0.016 mg/l.Bees:< LD50 (oral and contact) >100 μg/bee.Birds:Acute oral LD50 (14 d) for quail and mallard ducks >2150 mg/ kg; dietary LC50(8 d) >5000 ppm.Daphnia:Non-toxic at limit of water solubility.Fish:Non-toxic at limit of water solubility.Worms:Non-toxic at 1000 mg/ kg.Other aquatic spp.: EC50 (96 h) for Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 3.4 mg/l, mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) 18 μg/l.
Environmental fate:
Animals:Following oral administration, isoxaflutole is rapidly excreted.Soil:In laboratory soil studies, degradation proceeds via hydrolysis and microbial degradation, with final mineralisation to CO2. Isoxaflutole and its major metabolites are potentially mobile in soil under simulated high rainfall; Plant metabolism study demonstrated that residue levels at harvest are very low, and comprise mainly a non-toxic metabolite.
Fate in soil:
Isoxaflutole is degraded microbially and chemically in soil.
Soil photolysis: Half-life 23 hours
Soil metabolism: Half-life 2.4 days (aerobic soil)
Soil metabolism: Half-life < 2 hours (anaerobic aquatic soil)
Field dissipation: Half-life 1.4 - 3.0 days.
Soil mobility: very mobile in sand / sandy loam soils. Low mobility in silty clay and loam sediment.
Soil mobility (aged): Generally not found below 6cm soil depth
Hydrolysis: Half-life 11.1, 20.1, 3.2 hours at pH 5, 7, 9
Aqueous photolysis: Half-life 6.7 days
The primary metabolite (diketonitrile RPA 202248) is stable to hydrolysis at pH7, stable to photolysis in water, is potentially very mobile and has a half-life of 61 days in aerobic soil metabolism studies.
The terminal metabolite (RPA 203328) is stable to hydrolysis at pH7, stable to photolysis in water, is potentially very mobile and has a half-life of 977 days in aerobic soil metabolism studies.
The EPA pesticide factsheet reports that the persistence and mobility of isoxaflutole and the diketonitrile is likely to lead to accumulation in groundwater and surface waters. Modelling data indicate that diketonitrile may accumulate in concentrations that could cause phytotoxicity in non-target plant species. Consequently, a programme of prospective groundwater and surface water monitoring was initiated in order to clarify the environmental impact of isoxaflutole.
Brazil Registration Watch: Three unpublished pesticides registered in Brazil
EU renewed approval of isoxaflutole
Bayer launches herbicide that promises to revolutionize Brazilian sugarcane market
Bayer sugarcane manager Paulo Donadoni talks about the pre-launch of Provence Total
Bayer registers Provence Total herbicide for sugarcane in Brazil
Isoxaflutole market expected to hit $163 mn by 2020
Australia approved 13 ais registrations (Special gazette, 9 December 2014)
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