Ecotoxicology:
Algae: EC
50 for
Selenestrum capricornutum 0.011,
Anabaena flos-aquae >0.027,
Navicula pelliculosa >0.084,
Skeletonema costatum >0.029 mg/l.Bees: LD
50 (48 h) (oral and contact) >100µg/bee.Birds: LD
50 for mallard ducks 1300, bobwhite quail >2150 mg/kg. Dietary LC
50 (8 d) for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >5000 ppm.Daphnia: LC
50 (48 h) >120 mg/l.Fish: LC
50 (96 h) for catfish, rainbow trout and carp >100, bluegill sunfish and sheepshead minnows >155 mg/l.Worms: LC
50 (14 d) for earthworms >1000 mg/
50 for mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) >150, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) >125 mg/l.Other beneficial spp.:No effect on rove beetle, ground beetle, aphid predator or ladybird, up to an application rate of 30 g/ha. No effect on respiration/nitrification.
Environmental fate:
Animals:90-95% Is excreted within 48 h. Main metabolic pathway is O-demethylation and side-chain hydroxylation.Soil: DT50 5-23 d, depending on temperature, soil moisture and % o.c.; DT90 30 to <100 d (typical value 60 d). Koc 4-41, depending on % o.c. Under practical condPlant:Main metabolic pathway is hydroxylation and cleavage of the phenyl and triazine ring systems. WATER SOLUBILITY: 29 mg/l at 25°C