50-100 g ai/ha (EU) |
|
50-140 g ai/ha (US) |
|
Type |
AI concn |
Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) |
20% (Neto) |
Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) |
5% w/v (Aramo) |
Quail |
LD50 >2,000 mg/kg |
Algae [72 h] |
EC50 76 mg/L |
Trout [96 h] |
LC50 100 mg/L |
Daphnia[48 h] |
EC50100 mg/L |
Bee [contact] |
LD50 >200 μg/bee |
Fate in soil:
Under laboratory conditions, tepraloxydim has a half-life in aerobic soil of 1-9 days and a DT90 in sandy loam of 17-28 days. Tepraloxydim is classified as moderately persistent in soils under aerobic conditions. Five major metabolites were identified from the laboratory studies.
In field dissipation studies in Canada, tepraloxydim was rapidly degraded with DT50 of 3-12 days and DT90 of 31-76 days. No parent residues were detected 30 days after application; tepraloxydim shows little potential for carry-over. One of the two metabolites identified in the field trials was classified as persistent (DT50 of 198-235 days). No residues were detected below 5 cm in the soil profiles from the Canadian trials; the parent and metabolites show little potential for leaching to groundwater.
Photolysis is rapid on the surface of loamy sand soil (DT50 approximately 1 day under laboratory conditions).
Tepraloxydim is highly to very highly mobile in sand, sandy loam, loamy sand, loam and clay soils (Kd = 0.011 - 1.5; Koc = 3.7 - 77.2). Due to the rapid degradation and low use rates, leaching to groundwater is unlikely. The major soil metabolites are classified as moderately to very highly mobile in soils (Koc = 0.35 - 1104)
Phototransformation, biotransformation and hydrolysis in acidic conditions are the main routes of transformation of tepraloxydim.
Fate in aquatic systems:
Phototransformation (t1/2= 0.7 days at pH 5, 1.6 days at pH 7-9) is a significant route of transformation of tepraloxydim in aquatic environments.
Hydrolysis is slow under neutral or basic conditions, but faster at acidic pH (t1/2= 3.5 - 24.4 days).
The half life of tepraloxydim in anaerobic flooded soils under laboratory conditions is 3.2 months, with a DT90 of 10.5 months; the product is classified as moderately persistent. Half lives in the soil and water phases were 3 and 3.2 months, respectively. In aerobic conditions, the half life in flooded sandy loam was 48.6 days and 171.4 days in flooded sand. Half lives in the water phases were 41 and 129 days, respectively.
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