Pre-emergence |
35-44 g ai/ha |
Post-emergence |
17.5 g ai/ha |
Type |
AI concn |
Water-dispersible granule (WG) |
84% (w/w) |
Bobwhite quail |
LD50 >2,250 mg/kg, practically non-toxic |
Mallard duck |
LD50 >2,000 mg/kg |
Rainbow trout [96 h] |
LC50 >86 mg/L slightly toxic |
Bluegill sunfish [96 h] |
LC50 >154 mg/L practically non-toxic |
Daphnia magna[48 h] |
LC50 98 mg/L slightly toxic |
Bee [contact, 48 h] |
LD50 >25 μg/bee relatively non-toxic |
Green algae[5 d] |
EC50 = 2.7 g/L |
Earthworm [14 d] |
LC50 >859 mg/kg soil no risk NOEC =116 mg/kg soil |
Fate in soil:
Cloransulam-methyl is degraded by soil microorganisms. It has a laboratory soil half-life of 14-22 days under aerobic conditions. The parent compound is degraded by photolysis on soil with a half-life of 30-70 days. The observed metabolites suggest that microbial degradation and photolysis are the major routes of decomposition in the field. In the PMRA regulatory note (2001), the DT50 of cloransulam-methyl was found to be 6.6 days and the DT90 was 59.1 days in sandy loam soil under field conditions in Wisconsin. The maximum concentration of the acid metabolite was 25% of applied parent compound and was <10% at 100 days after application. The residues of cloransulam-methyl and the acid were detected primarily in the 0-30 cm soil layer. The lack of persistence of the parent compound may diminish the potential for cloransulam-methyl to contaminate groundwater.
The Koc of cloransulam in various soils is 15.8 - 87.1. The Koc for the acid metabolite is 57-135.3. Both compounds are classified as highly mobile in soil.
Fate in aquatic systems:
Hydrolysis is pH dependent; parent cloransulam-methyl is stable at pH 5 (DT50 = >365 days) but is hydrolysed more rapidly at pH 7 (DT50 = 231 days) and pH 9 (DT50 = 3 days).
Aqueous photolysis is rapid with a half-life of 22 minutes at pH 7. In biotransformation studies, cloransulam-methyl has a half-life of 25.6 days in aerobic aquatic systems and 16 days in anaerobic aquatic conditions.
Due to the low octanol/water coefficient, cloransulam-methyl is not expected to bioaccumulate in fish.
Cloransulam-methyl and its major metabolite are considered mobile to highly mobile under field and laboratory conditions. In addition, the persistence of the parent and metabolites is likely to be longer as movement into the subsurface zones occurs. As a consequence of these regulatory concerns for parent and the biologically-active degradation products, the US EPA requested prospective groundwater monitoring and Tier II phytotoxicity studies as a condition of the registration of cloransulam-methyl.
First Chinese company approved for cloransulam-methyl technical
US approved Dow’s new soybean herbicide Surveil®
Flumioxazin Cloransulam-methyl
Dow got ICAMA registration of cloransulam-methyl herbicide
Country: China
Glufosinate-ammonium 2,4-D MCPA Dicamba Propanil Clethodim Glyphosate Captan Flumioxazin Sulfentrazone
Jiangsu Agrochem Laboratory Co., Ltd.
Country: China
Florasulam Cloransulam-methyl Mesosulfuron-methyl Triflusulfuron-methyl Iodosulfuron-methyl Imazamox Halosulfuron Thidiazuron Flucarbazone-sodium Diclosulam
Beijing Bioseen Crop Sciences Co., Ltd.
Country: China
Diclosulam Cloransulam-methyl Florasulam Glufosinate-ammonium Pymetrozine+Dinotefuran Pyraclostrobin+thiophanate-methyl Pyraclostrobin+Thifluzamide Nitenpyram+Pymetrozine
SHANGHAI E-TONG CHEMICAL CO., LTD.
Country: China
Azoxystrobin Abamectin Cyproconazole Clothianidin Thiamethoxam Prothioconazole Emamectin benzoate Lufenuron Teflubenzuron