Granular formulation: 280 - 310 g ai/ha |
Liquid formulation: 1-1.1 L/ha |
Bobwhite quail [8 d] |
LC50 >5,620 ppm Relatively non-toxic |
Rainbow trout [96 h] |
LC50 0.49 ppm Highly toxic |
Daphnia magna [48 h] |
LC50 0.58 ppm Highly toxic |
Bee [48 h, contact] |
LD50 >100 μg/bee Relatively non-toxic |
Mallard duck [8 d] |
LC50 >5,620 ppm Relatively non-toxic |
Oyster [96 h] |
LC50 0.52 ppm Moderately toxic |
Bluegill sunfish [96 h] |
LC50 0.76 ppm Highly toxic |
Earthworm |
LD50 >1,000 mg/kg |
Fate in :
The EU SCP found that ground applications of cyhalofop-butyl to flooded or drained paddy fields at a maximum rate of 300 g ai/ha are unlikely to pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms in adjacent surface water. In field studies, cyhalofop-butyl residues were below detection limits within 10 hours after application. However, all aerial applications and applications to flooded fields may pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms in the paddy field. Additionally, no unacceptable risk to bees was observed, although there remains some uncertainty with other non-target arthropods which has yet to be addressed.
The EPA Fact Sheet advises not to use cyhalofop-butyl in areas where soils are permeable or where the water table is shallow, as this can result in water contamination.
Fate in soil:
It has a low mobility in soils (Koc 1581- 6170 ml/g) whilst cyhalofop acid, the major soil metabolite, is more mobile. Cyhalofop-butyl is rapidly degraded under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions to give several metabolites. Soil metabolism is a significant route of dissipation with cyhalofop-butyl having T < 4 h and the major soil metabolite (cyhalofop acid) having T < 1 day. The parent compound and its metabolites do not penetrate below 15 cm depth of soil.
Cyhalofop-butyl is not expected to accumulate or leach into ground water.
Fate in aqueous systems:
Cyhalofop-butyl is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5, has a half-life of 88 days at pH 7 but is rapidly hydrolysed at pH 9 (DT50 0.5 day).
The estimated environmental concentrations (EEC) of cyhalofop-butyl were determined using the SCI-GROW model and a model developed by the US EPA as the usual GENEEC model is not suitable for pesticide applications to rice. For the acute exposure scenario, the EEC is 36 ppb in a water-seeded paddy, and 25 ppb for surface water and 0.16 ppb for ground water in dry-seeded paddy. In calculation of the DWLOC (drinking water levels of comparison), an appropriate endpoint could not be identified and therefore cyhalofop-butyl is not expected to pose an acute risk. For chronic exposure, the EEC is 3.7 ppb for water-seeded rice and 2.6 ppb for dry-seeded rice. As the chronic DWLOC (350 ppb) is greater than the EEC, cyhalofop-butyl is not expected to pose a risk.
Corteva Agriscience launches two products for rice sector in Brazil
Tricyclazole Tebuconazole Cyhalofop-butyl Penoxsulam
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