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Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
Chemical Identification | General Product Information | Physical & Safety Data
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CategoryMicrobial pesticide > Fungal pesticide
Bioinsecticide > Bioinsecticide
Bionematicide > Bionematicide
Bioacaricide > Bioacaricide -
ActivityPaecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka 97 is a contact insecticide with activity against all life stages of Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Acarina. It has curative and preventative activity. The product can be applied through conventional spray equipment or as a plant dip. Following contact, the fungus infects and kills insects; the result is not immediate but the population will be reduced several weeks after application. Optimum activity is obtained at >80% humidity for at least 12 hours per day and 20-28°C; P fumosoroseus does not grow at temperatures above 32°C. It should be applied when the pests are first detected in traps. Glasshouse vegetables need to be sprayed at 21-day intervals to control pests at the same levels as chemical insecticides. The use of spreaders and stickers is recommended to optimise the performance of the product.
The fungus infects the host by depositing a spore on the target insect's cuticle, the spore then germinates. The germ tube that is produced penetrates the insect; this can also occur though the various openings in the insect's body. Development of the fungus occurs in the haemolymph and under optimal conditions the mycelia eventually exit from the insect and produce conidia (observed as a white-grey coloured mildew) which can then infect other whiteflies in the greenhouse. Under suboptimal conditions, the mycelium will not become visible on the outside of the insect; instead the insects become deformed and turn brown. Insect mortality due to fungal infection has been attributed to the mechanical destruction of insect tissues, the secretion of toxins and nutritional deficiencies.
Various factors combine to make the control of whitefly (B argentifolii) difficult: the pest largely feeds on the undersides of leaves; it is multivoltine, highly fecund and has quickly developed resistance to certain insecticides. Combinations of azadirachtin and P fumosoroseus have been studied (J. Econ. Entomol., 2003) for their effectiveness against this pest. Although the levels of control were higher than treatments of the individual components, the results were less than additive, possibly due to the inhibitory effects of azadirachtin on growth and germination of P fumosoroseus.
P fumosoroseus Apopka 97 is suitable for use in IPM programmes with beneficials such as Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus ermicus or Macrolophus caliginosus, and IRM programmes. It can be successfully tank-mixed with insecticides. Care must be taken when fungicides are applied at the same time. In field trials with cotton, the product was as effective as standard treatments for controlling silverleaf whiteflies.
In Poland, PreFeRal is often applied in mixture with pyriproxifen (Admiral, Juvinal). These products have synergistic effects. Pyriproxifen weakens whitefly larvae making the penetration and multiplication of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus much more successful. -
CropUseCropUses:
Cucumbers, ornamentals, soft fruit, tomatoes
200 g ai/ha on small or young crops
400-600 g ai/ha on full-grown crops
530 g/ha vertical hedge on protected tomato cultures
560 g/ha vertical hedge on protected cucumber cultures
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Premix
Type
AI concn
Water-dispersible granule (WG)
20% (w/w) contains 2×109 cfu/g
Water-dispersible granule (WG)
12% (w/w) contains 2×109 cfu/g
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Toxicology
Acute oral (rat)
LD50 >5,000 mg/kg
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Environmental Profile
Fate in :
P fumosoroseus Apopka 97 is harmless to mammals, birds, flora and fauna. In studies submitted to the US EPA, it was found to be practically non-toxic to northern bobwhite quail, and there was no adverse effect on embryos of the grass shrimp or brown shrimp.
As the effects of the product on non-target beneficial insects are unknown, further data will be required if the company decides to expand the label to food crops in the US.Fate in aquatic systems:
As P fumosoroseus is not an aquatic organism, it is not expected to proliferate in aquatic environments.
P fumosoroseus is not expected to contaminate drinking water.
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