Ecotoxicology:
HAZARDS: Fish, Bird: Toxic. Bee: Moderately toxic (direct application). Relatively nontoxic to beneficials.
Algae:
50 (72 h) for green algae >0.56
/l.Bees:Not toxic to bees under field conditions at an application rate of 1.6 l/
(560 g endosulfan/
).Birds:Acute oral
50 for mallard ducks 205-245, ring-necked pheasants 620-1000
/
.Daphnia:
50 (48 h) 75-750
mg/l.Fish:Highly toxic (
50 (96 h) for golden orfe 0.002
/l water) but, in practical use, should be harmless to wildlife.Worms:
0.1
/
dry weight.
Environmental fate:
WATER SOLUBILITY: Tech insoluble
Animals:The principal route of elimination is faeces; most of the radioactivity is excreted within the first 48 hours. The amounts excreted are independent of dose level, number of dosages and isomerism. There are indications of species-specificity. Residues of eSoil:Endosulfan (alpha- and beta-) is degraded in soil with
50 30-70 d. The main metabolite usually found was endosulfan sulfate, which is degraded more slowly and is, for this reason, the most important metabolite.