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ActivityMuscodor albus produces volatile gases toxic to a wide range of fungi. It has activity against soilborne fungal genera currently controlled with methyl bromide-chloropicrin mixtures including; Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, Aphanomyces, Rhizoctonia, Verticillium and Sclerotinia. It shows no phytotoxicity/pathogenicity to a wide range of plants including aubergine, barley, peppermint, sugarbeet and tomato.
Studies conducted at MSU identified a number of the volatile compounds produced by Muscodor albus, including alcohols, acids, esters, ketones and lipids. The most active constituents were the esters but optimal antifungal activity is obtained when all the components are applied together. The product mixture was partly recreated in the laboratory using commercially available and synthesised materials; the mixture was tested in greenhouse pot trials and found to be as potent at reducing seedling disease in sugarbeet as the organism itself. This suggests that a synthetic product may be feasible.
A winter survival study conducted by MSU in 2001/2002 with samples of Muscador albus buried at varying depths in field soil showed that the organism should not persist in the soil (as a non-indigenous species, it is important that use of this organism will not affect the existing soil microflora). Trials are in progress to measure the short-term viability under plastic mulches.
To test the activity against pathogens that produce microsclerotia, Muscodor albus was used to fumigate eggplants (aubergines) infested with Verticillium dahliae. Four weeks after application, untreated plants were severely affected by disease whereas the fumigated plants showed only minor symptoms.
Field trials were performed by MSU in 2002 to establish the level of performance of Muscodor albus in the control of Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani (black scurf) and Streptomyces scabies (scab) in potatoes. Canker reduction was found to be comparable to many registered products. Further results are pending. Field trials are also underway using Arabesque as a pre-plant soil fumigant.
Further academic, USDA and company studies show Muscodor albus achieves near-complete to complete prevention and eradication of rot-causing disease in fruit crops such as apples, lemons and peaches and vegetables like tomatoes.
Potential additional uses of the product include greenhouse soil fumigation, eradication of food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria and mould treatments in buildings; Agraquest is currently seeking business partners for these uses.
Seed treatment tests conducted on wheat, chickpea, barley, maize and canola infested with Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, Penicillium spp and Rhizopus have indicated good potential for eradication of seed-borne diseases.
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