Molecular weight:283.8; Physical form:Colourless to light tan liquid. Density:1.12 (20 °C); Composition:Racemic mixture of (1S)- and (1R)- isomers. Melting point:-62.1 °C; Flash point:190 °C (1013 mbar); Vapour pressure:4.2 mPa (25 °C) (OECD 104); Henry constant:2.4 ×10-3 Pa m3 mol-1 ( calc.); Partition coefficient(n-octanol and water):logP = 2.9 (25 °C); Solubility:In water 488 mg/l (25 °C) ( OECD 105). Miscible with benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, xylene, hexane, dimethylformamide, ethylene dichloride, cyclohexanone, methanol, octanol, and dichloromethane. Insoluble in ethylene ; Stability:Stable up to c. 275 °C. Hydrolysed by strong alkalis and strong mineral acids. On hydrolysis in buffer (20 °C), DT50 ( calc.) >200 d (pH >10).;
Toxicology
Oral:Acute oral LD50 for rats 2780 mg/ kg. Percutaneous:Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >3170 mg/kg. Mild skin and eye irritant (rabbits). May cause skin sensitisation (guinea pigs). Inhalation: LC50 (4 h) for rats >1.75 mg/l air. Phytotoxicity:Well tolerated by most broad-leaved crops, maize, sorghum (safened with fluxofenim or oxabetrinil). ADI:0.008 mg/ kg b.w.
Environmental Profile
Ecotoxicology:
Algae:EC50 for Scenedesmus subspicatus 0.1 mg/l.Bees: LD50 (oral and contact) >110 mg/bee.Birds:Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >2150 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >10 000 mg/ kg.Daphnia:LC50 (48 h) 25 mg/l.Fish:LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 3.9, carp 4.9, bluegill sunfish 10 mg/l.Worms:LC50 (14 d) for earthworms 140 mg/ kg soil.
Environmental fate:
Animals:Rapidly oxidised by rat liver microsomal oxygenases via dechlorination, O-demethylation and side-chain oxidation (J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 1088).Soil:Major aerobic metabolites are derivatives of oxanilic and sulfonic acids. DT50 in soil c. 20 d (field). Koc 121-309.Plant:In plants, metabolism involves natural product conjugation of the chloroacetyl group, and hydrolysis and sugar conjugation at the ether group. Final metabolites are polar, water-soluble, and non-volatile.
