Ecotoxicology:
Bees: LD
50 (contact) 0.017 mg/bee.Birds:Acute oral LD
50 for bobwhite quail 381 mg/kg. LC
50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail >5620, mallard ducks 5247 ppm.Daphnia: LC
50 (48 h) 0.24 mg/l.Fish:Extremely toxic to aquatic animals. LC
50 (96 h) for fathead minnows 0.690, bluegill sunfish 0.26, rainbow trout 0.26 g/l.
Environmental fate:
Animals:Rapid metabolism and elimination occurs in rats and other animals. Primary metabolism involves hydroxylation of 2'- and 4'- hydroxyl moieties, ester cleavage, hydroxylation and oxidation of the alcohol derivatives, oxidation of the cyano moiety and conjugSoil:In sand (0.38% o.m.), K
d (25 °C) 4.4; in sandy loam ( pH 7.3, 1.1% o.m.), K
d (25 °C) 6.4, DT
50 88 d; in silty loam (